Even in theological circles where some response to God's

Even in theological circles where some response to God's call is considered necessary for the convert (such as belief, confession, repentance, and prayer), a believer's baptism is usually categorized as a work instead of a response of faith, though not always (see Baptism in the Independent Christian Churches/Churches of Christ).[citation needed] Among churches of Christ, for example, baptism is seen as a passive act of faith rather than a meritorious work; it "is a confession that a person has nothing to offer God."[13]:112 While Churches of Christ do not describe baptism as a "sacrament", their view of it can legitimately be described as "sacramental."[1]:186[14]:66 They see the power of baptism coming from God, who chose to use baptism as a vehicle, rather than from the water or the act itself,[1]:186 and understand baptism to be an integral part of the conversion process, rather than just a symbol of conversion.[1]:184 A recent trend is to emphasize the transformational aspect of baptism: instead of describing it as just a legal requirement or sign of something that happened in the past, it is seen as "the event that places the believer 'into Christ' where God does the ongoing work of transformation."[14]:66 Because of the belief that baptism is a necessary part of salvation, some Baptists hold that the Churches of Christ endorse the doctrine of baptismal regeneration.[15] However, members of the Churches of Christ reject this, arguing that since faith and repentance are necessary, and that the cleansing of sins is by the blood of Christ through the grace of God, baptism is not an inherently redeeming ritual.[16]:133[15][17]:630,631 One author from the churches of Christ describes the relationship between faith and baptism this way, "Faith is the reason why a person is a child of God; baptism is the time at which one is incorporated into Christ and so becomes a child of God" (italics are in the source).[18]:170 Baptism is understood as a confessional expression of faith and repentance,[18]:179–182 rather than a "work" that earns salvation.[18]:170

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