In addition to de facto renunciation through

In addition to de facto renunciation through apostasy, heresy, or schism, the Roman Catholic Church envisages the possibility of formal defection from the Church through a decision manifested personally, consciously and freely, and in writing, to the competent church authority, who is then to judge whether it is genuinely a case of "true separation from the constitutive elements of the life of the Church ... (by) an act of apostasy, heresy or schism."[205] A formal defection of this kind is then noted in the register of the person's baptism, an annotation that, like those of marriage or ordination, is independent of the fact of the baptism and is not an actual "debaptism", even if the person who formally defects from the Catholic Church has also defected from the Christian religion. The fact of having been baptized remains a fact and the Catholic Church holds that baptism marks a person with a lasting seal or character that "is an ontological and permanent bond which is not lost by reason of any act or fact of defection."[205]

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