Upper East Side

In the 19th century[4] the farmland and market garden district of what was to be the Upper East Side was still traversed by the Boston Post Road and, from 1837, the New York and Harlem Railroad, which brought straggling commercial development around its one station in the neighborhood, at 86th Street, which became the heart of German Yorkville. The area was defined by the attractions of the bluff overlooking the East River, which ran without interruption from James William Beekman's "Mount Pleasant", north of the marshy squalor of Turtle Bay, to Gracie Mansion, north of which the land sloped steeply to the wetlands that separated this area from the suburban village of Harlem.[5] Among the series of villas a Schermerhorn country house overlooked the river at the foot of 73rd Street, and the Riker homestead at the foot of 75th Street.[6] By the mid-19th century the farmland had largely been subdivided, with the exception of the 150 acres (0.61 km2) of Jones' Wood, stretching from 66th to 76th Streets and from the Old Post Road (Third Avenue) to the river[7] and the farmland inherited by James Lenox, who divided it into blocks of houselots in the 1870s,[8] built his Lenox Library on a Fifth Avenue lot,[9] and donated a full square block for the Presbyterian Hospital, between 70th and 71st Streets, and Madison and Park Avenues.[10] At that time, along the Boston Post Road taverns stood at the mile-markers, Five-Mile House at 72nd Street and Six-Mile House at 97th, a New Yorker recalled in 1893.[11]

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