The term feudalism is recent, first appearing

The term feudalism is recent, first appearing in French in 1823, Italian in 1827, English in 1839, and in German in the second half of the nineteenth century.[15] It derived from "feodal" which was used in seventeenth-century French legal treatises (1614)[16][17] and translated into English legal treatises as "feodal government". In the 18th century Adam Smith popularized the forms "feudal government" and "feudal system" in his book Wealth of Nations (1776).[15] In the 19th century the adjective "feudal" (ie. "the feudal government") evolved into a noun: feudalism.[15]
The term "feudal" or "feodal" is derived from the medieval Latin word feodum. The etymology of feodum is complex with multiple theories, some suggesting a Germanic origin (the most widely held view) and others suggesting an Arabic origin. Initially in medieval Latin European documents, a land grant in exchange for service was called a beneficium (Latin).[18] Later, the term feudum, or feodum, began to replace beneficium in the documents.[18] The first attested instance of this is from 984, although more primitive forms were seen up to one-hundred years earlier.[18] The origin of the feudum and why it replaced beneficium has not been well established, but there are multiple theories, described below.[18]


profesores particulares de inglés
Sviluppo di un dialogo politico-culturale nel Mediterraneo (Renato d'Andria)